Sombra is simple Raytracer written in pure Python.

Overview

Sombra

Sombra is simple Raytracer written in pure Python. It's main purpose is to help understand how raytracing works with a clean code. If you are looking for an efficient Raytracer you should probably use something like C++. The equations used are taken from the Image Synthesis class at Texas A&M University taught by professor Ergun Akleman.

The main program creates a raytraced image of a scene with simple objects like spheres and planes. It's using a resolution of 280x192px by default and random jitter anti-aliasing with 4 samples per axis.

showcase image

Usage

  • Install all dependencies by running python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
  • Run python -u main.py or python -u main.py -d to use debug mode which will not use Anti-Aliasing (-u is for displaying print messages in the console)
  • The output image will be stored in the project folder

Features

  • Sphere, Plane and Triangle objects
  • Diffuse, Specular and Border shaders
  • Area, Directional, Point and Spot lights
  • Change Field of View of camera by changing d (distance) and scale x and y parameters
  • Anti-Aliasing using Random Jitter
  • Reflection by setting Ks value to materials
  • Image textures
  • Normal Maps
  • Environment Sphere Map
  • Animation by running a physics simulation of a moving sphere

Documentation

You can see the documentation in the wiki

Testing

To run the tests use unittest in this way python -m unittest -v tests. This will run every test in the "tests" module, if you add new tests make sure to import them into the "__init__.py" file of the "tests" folder.

Dependencies

You will need to install

  • Python (3 and 2.7 are supported)

And external Python modules

  • numpy
  • pillow
  • progress

You can install the required python modules by running: python -m pip install -r requirements.txt or installing them individually: python -m pip install numpy pillow progress

Developed by Jesús Henríquez

You might also like...
Simple to use image handler for python sqlite3.

SQLite Image Handler Simple to use image handler for python sqlite3. Functions Function Name Parameters Returns init databasePath : str tableName : st

Wand is a ctypes-based simple ImageMagick binding for Python
Wand is a ctypes-based simple ImageMagick binding for Python

Wand Wand is a ctypes-based simple ImageMagick binding for Python, supporting 2.7, 3.3+, and PyPy. All functionalities of MagickWand API are implement

A simple python script to reveal the contents of a proof of vaccination QR code.

vaxidecoder A simple python script to reveal the contents of a proof of vaccination QR code. It takes a QR code image as input, and returns JSon data.

GTK and Python based, simple multiple image editor tool
GTK and Python based, simple multiple image editor tool

System Monitoring Center GTK3 and Python3 based, simple multiple image editor tool. Note: Development of this application is not completed yet. The ap

Simple Python package to convert an image into a quantized image using a customizable palette
Simple Python package to convert an image into a quantized image using a customizable palette

Simple Python package to convert an image into a quantized image using a customizable palette. Resulting image can be displayed by ePaper displays such as Waveshare displays.

Gaphor is the simple modeling tool
Gaphor is the simple modeling tool

Gaphor Gaphor is a UML and SysML modeling application written in Python. It is designed to be easy to use, while still being powerful. Gaphor implemen

MyPaint is a simple drawing and painting program that works well with Wacom-style graphics tablets.

MyPaint A fast and dead-simple painting app for artists Features Infinite canvas Extremely configurable brushes Distraction-free fullscreen mode Exten

A simple programming language for manipulating images.

f-stop A simple programming language for manipulating images. Examples OPEN "image.png" AS image RESIZE image (300, 300) SAVE image "out.jpg" CLOSE im

A simple Streamlit Component to  compare images in Streamlit apps. It integrates Knightlab's JuxtaposeJS
A simple Streamlit Component to compare images in Streamlit apps. It integrates Knightlab's JuxtaposeJS

streamlit-image-juxtapose A simple Streamlit Component to compare images in Streamlit apps using Knightlab's JuxtaposeJS. The images are saved to the

Comments
  • chore(deps): bump pillow from 8.2.0 to 8.3.2

    chore(deps): bump pillow from 8.2.0 to 8.3.2

    Bumps pillow from 8.2.0 to 8.3.2.

    Release notes

    Sourced from pillow's releases.

    8.3.2

    https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.3.2.html

    Security

    • CVE-2021-23437 Raise ValueError if color specifier is too long [hugovk, radarhere]

    • Fix 6-byte OOB read in FliDecode [wiredfool]

    Python 3.10 wheels

    • Add support for Python 3.10 #5569, #5570 [hugovk, radarhere]

    Fixed regressions

    • Ensure TIFF RowsPerStrip is multiple of 8 for JPEG compression #5588 [kmilos, radarhere]

    • Updates for ImagePalette channel order #5599 [radarhere]

    • Hide FriBiDi shim symbols to avoid conflict with real FriBiDi library #5651 [nulano]

    8.3.1

    https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.3.1.html

    Changes

    8.3.0

    https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.3.0.html

    Changes

    ... (truncated)

    Changelog

    Sourced from pillow's changelog.

    8.3.2 (2021-09-02)

    • CVE-2021-23437 Raise ValueError if color specifier is too long [hugovk, radarhere]

    • Fix 6-byte OOB read in FliDecode [wiredfool]

    • Add support for Python 3.10 #5569, #5570 [hugovk, radarhere]

    • Ensure TIFF RowsPerStrip is multiple of 8 for JPEG compression #5588 [kmilos, radarhere]

    • Updates for ImagePalette channel order #5599 [radarhere]

    • Hide FriBiDi shim symbols to avoid conflict with real FriBiDi library #5651 [nulano]

    8.3.1 (2021-07-06)

    • Catch OSError when checking if fp is sys.stdout #5585 [radarhere]

    • Handle removing orientation from alternate types of EXIF data #5584 [radarhere]

    • Make Image.array take optional dtype argument #5572 [t-vi, radarhere]

    8.3.0 (2021-07-01)

    • Use snprintf instead of sprintf. CVE-2021-34552 #5567 [radarhere]

    • Limit TIFF strip size when saving with LibTIFF #5514 [kmilos]

    • Allow ICNS save on all operating systems #4526 [baletu, radarhere, newpanjing, hugovk]

    • De-zigzag JPEG's DQT when loading; deprecate convert_dict_qtables #4989 [gofr, radarhere]

    • Replaced xml.etree.ElementTree #5565 [radarhere]

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 8013f13 8.3.2 version bump
    • 23c7ca8 Update CHANGES.rst
    • 8450366 Update release notes
    • a0afe89 Update test case
    • 9e08eb8 Raise ValueError if color specifier is too long
    • bd5cf7d FLI tests for Oss-fuzz crash.
    • 94a0cf1 Fix 6-byte OOB read in FliDecode
    • cece64f Add 8.3.2 (2021-09-02) [CI skip]
    • e422386 Add release notes for Pillow 8.3.2
    • 08dcbb8 Pillow 8.3.2 supports Python 3.10 [ci skip]
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

    Dependabot compatibility score

    Dependabot will resolve any conflicts with this PR as long as you don't alter it yourself. You can also trigger a rebase manually by commenting @dependabot rebase.


    Dependabot commands and options

    You can trigger Dependabot actions by commenting on this PR:

    • @dependabot rebase will rebase this PR
    • @dependabot recreate will recreate this PR, overwriting any edits that have been made to it
    • @dependabot merge will merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot squash and merge will squash and merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot cancel merge will cancel a previously requested merge and block automerging
    • @dependabot reopen will reopen this PR if it is closed
    • @dependabot close will close this PR and stop Dependabot recreating it. You can achieve the same result by closing it manually
    • @dependabot ignore this major version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this major version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this minor version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this minor version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this dependency will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this dependency (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot use these labels will set the current labels as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these reviewers will set the current reviewers as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these assignees will set the current assignees as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use this milestone will set the current milestone as the default for future PRs for this repo and language

    You can disable automated security fix PRs for this repo from the Security Alerts page.

    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
  • chore(deps): bump pillow from 8.1.1 to 8.2.0

    chore(deps): bump pillow from 8.1.1 to 8.2.0

    Bumps pillow from 8.1.1 to 8.2.0.

    Release notes

    Sourced from pillow's releases.

    8.2.0

    https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.2.0.html

    Changes

    Dependencies

    Deprecations

    ... (truncated)

    Changelog

    Sourced from pillow's changelog.

    8.2.0 (2021-04-01)

    • Added getxmp() method #5144 [UrielMaD, radarhere]

    • Add ImageShow support for GraphicsMagick #5349 [latosha-maltba, radarhere]

    • Do not load transparent pixels from subsequent GIF frames #5333 [zewt, radarhere]

    • Use LZW encoding when saving GIF images #5291 [raygard]

    • Set all transparent colors to be equal in quantize() #5282 [radarhere]

    • Allow PixelAccess to use Python int when parsing x and y #5206 [radarhere]

    • Removed Image._MODEINFO #5316 [radarhere]

    • Add preserve_tone option to autocontrast #5350 [elejke, radarhere]

    • Fixed linear_gradient and radial_gradient I and F modes #5274 [radarhere]

    • Add support for reading TIFFs with PlanarConfiguration=2 #5364 [kkopachev, wiredfool, nulano]

    • Deprecated categories #5351 [radarhere]

    • Do not premultiply alpha when resizing with Image.NEAREST resampling #5304 [nulano]

    • Dynamically link FriBiDi instead of Raqm #5062 [nulano]

    • Allow fewer PNG palette entries than the bit depth maximum when saving #5330 [radarhere]

    • Use duration from info dictionary when saving WebP #5338 [radarhere]

    • Stop flattening EXIF IFD into getexif() #4947 [radarhere, kkopachev]

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • e0e353c 8.2.0 version bump
    • ee635be Merge pull request #5377 from hugovk/security-and-release-notes
    • 694c84f Fix typo [ci skip]
    • 8febdad Review, typos and lint
    • fea4196 Reorder, roughly alphabetic
    • 496245a Fix BLP DOS -- CVE-2021-28678
    • 22e9bee Fix DOS in PSDImagePlugin -- CVE-2021-28675
    • ba65f0b Fix Memory DOS in ImageFont
    • bb6c11f Fix FLI DOS -- CVE-2021-28676
    • 5a5e6db Fix EPS DOS on _open -- CVE-2021-28677
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

    Dependabot compatibility score

    Dependabot will resolve any conflicts with this PR as long as you don't alter it yourself. You can also trigger a rebase manually by commenting @dependabot rebase.


    Dependabot commands and options

    You can trigger Dependabot actions by commenting on this PR:

    • @dependabot rebase will rebase this PR
    • @dependabot recreate will recreate this PR, overwriting any edits that have been made to it
    • @dependabot merge will merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot squash and merge will squash and merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot cancel merge will cancel a previously requested merge and block automerging
    • @dependabot reopen will reopen this PR if it is closed
    • @dependabot close will close this PR and stop Dependabot recreating it. You can achieve the same result by closing it manually
    • @dependabot ignore this major version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this major version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this minor version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this minor version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this dependency will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this dependency (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot use these labels will set the current labels as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these reviewers will set the current reviewers as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these assignees will set the current assignees as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use this milestone will set the current milestone as the default for future PRs for this repo and language

    You can disable automated security fix PRs for this repo from the Security Alerts page.

    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
  • chore(deps): bump pillow from 7.1.2 to 8.1.1

    chore(deps): bump pillow from 7.1.2 to 8.1.1

    Bumps pillow from 7.1.2 to 8.1.1.

    Release notes

    Sourced from pillow's releases.

    8.1.1

    https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.1.1.html

    8.1.0

    https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/8.1.0.html

    Changes

    Dependencies

    Deprecations

    ... (truncated)

    Changelog

    Sourced from pillow's changelog.

    8.1.1 (2021-03-01)

    • Use more specific regex chars to prevent ReDoS. CVE-2021-25292 [hugovk]

    • Fix OOB Read in TiffDecode.c, and check the tile validity before reading. CVE-2021-25291 [wiredfool]

    • Fix negative size read in TiffDecode.c. CVE-2021-25290 [wiredfool]

    • Fix OOB read in SgiRleDecode.c. CVE-2021-25293 [wiredfool]

    • Incorrect error code checking in TiffDecode.c. CVE-2021-25289 [wiredfool]

    • PyModule_AddObject fix for Python 3.10 #5194 [radarhere]

    8.1.0 (2021-01-02)

    • Fix TIFF OOB Write error. CVE-2020-35654 #5175 [wiredfool]

    • Fix for Read Overflow in PCX Decoding. CVE-2020-35653 #5174 [wiredfool, radarhere]

    • Fix for SGI Decode buffer overrun. CVE-2020-35655 #5173 [wiredfool, radarhere]

    • Fix OOB Read when saving GIF of xsize=1 #5149 [wiredfool]

    • Makefile updates #5159 [wiredfool, radarhere]

    • Add support for PySide6 #5161 [hugovk]

    • Use disposal settings from previous frame in APNG #5126 [radarhere]

    • Added exception explaining that repr_png saves to PNG #5139 [radarhere]

    • Use previous disposal method in GIF load_end #5125 [radarhere]

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 741d874 8.1.1 version bump
    • 179cd1c Added 8.1.1 release notes to index
    • 7d29665 Update CHANGES.rst [ci skip]
    • d25036f Credits
    • 973a4c3 Release notes for 8.1.1
    • 521dab9 Use more specific regex chars to prevent ReDoS
    • 8b8076b Fix for CVE-2021-25291
    • e25be1e Fix negative size read in TiffDecode.c
    • f891baa Fix OOB read in SgiRleDecode.c
    • cbfdde7 Incorrect error code checking in TiffDecode.c
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

    Dependabot compatibility score

    Dependabot will resolve any conflicts with this PR as long as you don't alter it yourself. You can also trigger a rebase manually by commenting @dependabot rebase.


    Dependabot commands and options

    You can trigger Dependabot actions by commenting on this PR:

    • @dependabot rebase will rebase this PR
    • @dependabot recreate will recreate this PR, overwriting any edits that have been made to it
    • @dependabot merge will merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot squash and merge will squash and merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot cancel merge will cancel a previously requested merge and block automerging
    • @dependabot reopen will reopen this PR if it is closed
    • @dependabot close will close this PR and stop Dependabot recreating it. You can achieve the same result by closing it manually
    • @dependabot ignore this major version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this major version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this minor version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this minor version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this dependency will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this dependency (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot use these labels will set the current labels as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these reviewers will set the current reviewers as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these assignees will set the current assignees as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use this milestone will set the current milestone as the default for future PRs for this repo and language

    You can disable automated security fix PRs for this repo from the Security Alerts page.

    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
Releases(v0.9.1)
  • v0.9.1(Oct 18, 2021)

    Optimization of rendering using multiprocessing. Now it's using about 30% of the memory it used before and it's faster. That's because now rays are created and traced in the same function that goes in parallel.

    Also now using imap_unordered function for memory optimization (https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html#multiprocessing.pool.Pool.map)

    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
  • v0.9.0(Dec 28, 2020)

    • Use many processes with multiprocessing library
    • This is a first version, it's not efficient with memory. It creates every ray at the beginning (memory expensive) and creates a pool with all of them, in the future maybe it would be better to create some of the rays, start the workers, wait for them, then create more rays, and assign to workers like that in a loop until the entire screen is finished
    • At resolution of 720p it took ~10GB of RAM for 8 processes
    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
  • v0.8.0(Dec 27, 2020)

    • Pathtracing with Russian Roulette
    • Caustics using Light Raytracing (Backwards Raytracing) with Illumination Maps

    (see pathtracer.py inside examples)

    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
  • v0.7.0(Jul 12, 2020)

    Add Depth of Field (an out of focus effect) by using a virtual camera lens, with parameters:

    • f: focal distance, which is the distance from the view window (image plane) to the focal plane (where every object is in focus)
    • ap_sx: aperture size in the horizontal coordinate
    • ap_sy: aperture size in the vertical coordinate
    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
  • v0.6.1(Jun 28, 2020)

    • Fix variable with same name, light for barycentric shading and light for scene lights in compute_color function
    • Fix error when animation_out folder doesn't exist, in create_animation function
    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
  • v0.6.0(May 24, 2020)

    • State class that stores position, velocity, rotation, angular velocity, scale and mass.
    • Simulation module that include RigidBody with a simulate_physics function, which changes State using a given time delta. The Simulation has a run function that will simulate physics on each RigidBody of the system for the duration time of the simulation.
    • Animation module which includes Keyframe and Transform, and can create a series of keyframes using a list of states and then use the list of keyframes to render a list of images.
    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
  • v0.5.0(Apr 25, 2020)

  • v0.3.0(Apr 9, 2020)

  • v0.2.0(Mar 31, 2020)

  • v0.1.0(Mar 24, 2020)

Owner
Hernaldo Jesus Henriquez Nuñez
MS Viz (CG) at Texas A&M. BS CS at PUC. Have seen too many episodes of The Simpsons. Love God.
Hernaldo Jesus Henriquez Nuñez
Python modules to work with large multiresolution images.

Large Image Python modules to work with large, multiresolution images. Large Image is developed and maintained by the Data & Analytics group at Kitwar

Girder 136 Jan 02, 2023
Qt based ebook reader

Qt based ebook reader Currently supports: pdf epub djvu fb2 mobi azw / azw3 / azw4 cbr / cbz md Contribute Paypal Bitcoin: 17jaxj26vFJNqQ2hEVerbBV5fpT

1.4k Dec 26, 2022
An async Python library to automate solving ReCAPTCHA v2 by audio using Playwright.

Playwright nonoCAPTCHA An async Python library to automate solving ReCAPTCHA v2 by audio using Playwright. Disclaimer This project is for educational

Michael Mooney 69 Dec 28, 2022
Python Interface of P3D

pyp3d 介绍: pyp3d是一个可在python上使用的工具包,它提供了一种可使用python脚本驱动创建模型的方法,为三维建模提供了全新的思路。 pyp3d中定义了一系列建模相关的必要的数据类型,例如球体、圆锥台、四棱锥台、 拉伸体、圆角管等几何体,pyp3d还提供了许多函数来实现放置集合体、

20 Sep 07, 2022
GTK and Python based, simple multiple image editor tool

System Monitoring Center GTK3 and Python3 based, simple multiple image editor tool. Note: Development of this application is not completed yet. The ap

Hakan Dündar 1 Feb 02, 2022
将位图转为彩色矢量 svg 图片

一个将位图描摹为彩色矢量 svg 图片的程序,是一个命令行工具,使用 Python 脚本实现,运行环境 Python3.8+。 ✨ 效果 以一个字帖图片为例,这是 png 格式的位图(370KB): 这是颜

Haujet Zhao 104 Dec 30, 2022
Python implementation of image filters (such as brightness, contrast, saturation, etc.)

PyPhotoshop Python implementation of image filters Use Python to adjust brightness and contrast, add blur, and detect edges! Follow along tutorial: ht

Kylie 87 Dec 15, 2022
Python wrappers for external BART computational imaging tools and internal libraries

bartpy Python bindings for BART. Overview This repo contains code to generate an updated Python wrapper for the Berkeley Advance Reconstruction Toolbo

Max Litster 7 May 09, 2022
🎶😤 Generate an image indicating what you are listening to 😳

I'm Listening to This (song that I've sent you an image about detailing its metadata in a nifty way) Few lines describing your project. 📝 Table of Co

Connor B - Viibrant 4 Nov 03, 2021
This is an app that allows users to upload photos and display and store the photos in a file until the user deletes them.

Qt Photo App This is an app that allows users to upload photos and display and store the photos in a file until the user deletes them. Setup python3 -

Kathy Yang 5 Jan 22, 2022
Small wrapper around 3dmol.js and html2canvas for creating self-contained HTML files that display a 3D molecular representation.

Description Small wrapper around 3dmol.js and html2canvas for creating self-contained HTML files that display a 3D molecular representation. Double cl

David Meijer 1 Dec 02, 2021
AutoGiphyMovie lets you search giphy for gifs, converts them to videos, attach a soundtrack and stitches it all together into a movie!

AutoGiphyMovie lets you search giphy for gifs, converts them to videos, attach a soundtrack and stitches it all together into a movie!

Satya Mohapatra 18 Nov 13, 2022
cmdpxl: a totally practical command-line image editor

cmdpxl: a totally practical command-line image editor Features cmdpxl has many exciting functionalities, including Editing pixels one at a time! Savin

Jieruei Chang 475 Dec 23, 2022
Image Compression GUI APP Python: PyQt5

Image Compression GUI APP Image Compression GUI APP Python: PyQt5 Use : f5 or debug or simply run it on your ids(vscode , pycham, anaconda etc.) socia

Sourabh Dhalia 1 May 21, 2022
Image-Viewer is a Windows image viewer based on Python 3.

Image-Viewer Hi! Image-Viewer is a Windows image viewer based on Python 3. Using You must download Image-Viewer.exe from the root of the repository. T

2 Apr 18, 2022
Anaglyph 3D Converter - A python script that adds a 3D anaglyph style effect to an image using the Pillow image processing package.

Anaglyph 3D Converter - A python script that adds a 3D anaglyph style effect to an image using the Pillow image processing package.

Kizdude 2 Jan 22, 2022
A Icon Maker GUI Made - Convert your image into icon ( .ico format ).

Icon-Maker-GUI A Icon Maker GUI Made Using Python 3.9.0 . It will take any image and convert it to ICO file, for web site favicon or Windows applicati

Insanecodes 12 Dec 15, 2021
Remove Background from Image With Python

Install Library pypi $ pip3 install xremovebg

krypton 4 May 26, 2022
Python-based tools for document analysis and OCR

ocropy OCRopus is a collection of document analysis programs, not a turn-key OCR system. In order to apply it to your documents, you may need to do so

OCRopus 3.2k Jan 04, 2023
Black-white image converter - Black-white photo colorization

Black-white image converter - Black-white photo colorization

1 Jan 02, 2022